Waxay u ekayd fikrad wanaagsan wakhtigaas — in Ruushka la weeraro, laga adkaado ciidanka cas, inqilaab ka sameeyay Moscow, iyo in la dilo madaxii xisbiga Vladimir Ilych Lenin. Kaligii taliye xulafaysi la saaxiib ah ayaa markaa la rakibi doonaa si uu Ruushka dib ugu soo celiyo dagaalkii aduunka ee ka dhanka ahaa quwadaha dhexe.

Qorsheynta

Waxaa la sheegay in shaqada basaasnimadu ay tahay 90% diyaargarow iyo 10% dhab ahaantii. ka degitaanka gaariga oo wax qabanaya. Niyad jab badan ka dib, albaabada baabuurka ayaa si lama filaan ah loogu furay basaasiintii Isbahaysiga bishii Agoosto 1918.

Kabtanka Francis Cromie, oo ahaa u-qaybqaataha ciidamada badda iyo qasriga safaaradda Ingiriiska ee Petrograd oo cidlo ku dhow, ayaa waxaa u yimid Jan Shmidkhen, Sarkaal ka tirsan ciidamada Latvia oo fadhigoodu yahay Moscow.

Kabtanka Francis Newton Cromie. U qeybsanaha ciidamada badda ee safaaradda Britain ee Petrograd, Russia 1917-1918 (Credit: Public Domain)

Shmidkhen waxa uu sheegay in ciidamada Latvia ee ay soo kireysteen Soofiyeedka oo ah dillaaliinta iyo ilaalada qasriga laga yaabo in lagu qanciyo inay ku biiraan afgambiga Allied. Wuxuu u soo bandhigay inuu la xiriiro taliye Latvia, Colonel Eduard Berzin. Fikirkaan waxaa ansixiyay Cromie.

Shmidkhen ayaa dabadeed garoonka u dhigay Berzin, ka dibna waxa uu u sheegay Felix.Dzerzhinsky, madaxa bilayska sirta ee Soviet, Cheka. Felix waxa uu ku amray Berzin in uu sii wado sidii uu u ahaa daandaansi wakiilka ah ee Cheka.

Ururka

Berzin waxa uu la kulmay wakiilada Ingiriiska Bruce Lockhart iyo Sidney Reilly, iyo Qunsulka Faransiiska ee Grenard. Lockhart ayaa Latvia u ballan qaaday 5 milyan oo rubi. Kadib Reilly waxa uu Berzin siiyay lacagihii ugu horeeyay oo dhan 1.2 milyan rubles.

Si loo taageero afgambigii Moscow ee qorshaysnaa, Golaha Sare ee dagaalka ee Paris waxa ay Czech Legion u dhigeen ciidan xulafaysi ah oo Ruushka jooga. Boris Savinkov, hogaamiyaha kacaanka hantiwadaaga madax banaan ee Soviet-ka soo horjeeda, ayaa sidoo kale la qoray.

Boris Savinkov (baabuurka, midig) oo yimid shirkii Moscow State Conference (Credit: Public Domain).

Sida Reilly, Savinkov wuxuu ahaa maandooriye, iyo mid khuraafaad ah. Wuxuu isu arkay inuu yahay Nietzsean Superman wuxuuna aaminsanaa in xirashada dharka hoose ee xariirta ah ay ka dhigtay mid aan xabadda ka dhicin. Dhagar qabayaasha Allied waxay ka wadahadleen in si fudud loo soo xidho Lenin oo ay u kaxeeyaan Ingiriiska si loogu maxkamadeeyo khiyaamo ka dhan ah Ruushka, laakiin Reilly iyo Savinkov waxay u horumariyeen shirqoolkaas shirqool dil dibadda ah oo dibadda ah.

Si loo taageero afgambiga. Ciidamada huwanta ayaa ku soo duulay Murmansk iyo Archangel oo ku yaal Waqooyiga Ruushka, oo ka hooseeya Arctic Circle, waxayna qabsadeen dekeddooda iyo tareenkooda. Soofiyeetka maxalliga ah ee magaalooyinkaas ayaa ka baqay duullaan uga yimid Jarmalka oo ku sugnaa dalka deriska la ah ee Finland, waxayna soo dhaweeyeen xulafadadegid. Khadadka tareenada ee magaaladu waxay u oggolaan lahaayeen kuwa soo duulay ee xulafada ah inay u riixaan koonfurta ilaa Petrograd iyo Moscow.

Ciidanka Maraykanka ee Vladivostok, 1918 (Credit: Demand Public)

Waxay xulafadu bilaabeen inay 7 jiho ka dagaallamaan Ciidanka Cas. Laakin duulaanku si degdeg ah ayuu isu rogay. Inta badan ciidamada dagaalku waxay ahaayeen Maraykan iyo Faransiis, oo ay amar ku bixiyeen "crocks", saraakiil Ingiriis ah oo maskax ahaan iyo jir ahaanba diidey Jabhadda Galbeedka.

Waxaa taageeray 40,000 oo kiis oo whiskey Scotch ah, macaashyada ayaa diiday sahayda caafimaadka. cunto kulul, iyo dhar diiran oo loogu talagalay poilus iyo doughboys hoos yimaada amarka. Khamriga maqaaxida ayaa sababay dhimashada tiro dad ah oo ku dhintay goobta dagaalka.

Mareykanka iyo Faransiiska ayaa ka dhacay duqeymo. Mid ka mid ah cajiinka ayaa ka hortagay sarkaal Ingiriis ah, wuxuuna u sheegay inuu tukado, dabadeedna uu toogtay. Saraakiil kale oo Ingiriis ah ayaa lagu garaacay waddooyinka Archangel.

Taliyaha guud ee Ingiriiska, Major General Frederick Poole, oo ah nin aargoosi ah oo iska indhatiray baahida ciidamada Maraykanka iyo Faransiiska, ayaa ku sii jiray gurigiisii ​​diiranaa ee ku yaala. Archangel oo diiday inuu u baxo furimaha kala duwan si uu u eego nimanka

Poole waxaa shaqada ka ceyriyay xoghayihii arrimaha dibadda Arthur Balfour, waxaana lagu bedelay Brigadier General Edmund Ironside, oo ah taliyaha la qurxiyey ee Jabhadda Galbeedka. Ironside waxay ahayd Scot weyn, oo ballac ahaan u le'eg Webiga Clyde. Dabiici ahaan, naanaystiisu waxay ahayd Tiny. Wuxuu gashaday dhogorta iyosi shaqsi ah ayuu sahay ugu geeyey ciidankiisa. Way jeclaayeen isaga. Sanity ayaa timi.

Downfall

Lockhart's jacayl cusub oo qalaad wakhtigan waxa uu ahaa Maria Benckendorff, Ruushka "turjumaan." Sûreté ayaa markii dambe u aqoonsatay wakiil saddex jeer ah Ingiriiska, Jarmalka, iyo Soofiyeedka. Waxa laga yaabaa in ay Lockhart ku cambaaraysay Dzerzhinsky, taasoo keentay in la xidho.

Qorshahan waxa la qarxiyey Agoosto 1918 markii Cheka uu soo rogay shabakadihii basaaska ee Allied. Lockhart ayaa loo beddelay dublamaasigii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee ku xidhnaa London. Kalamatiano ayaa lagu xukumay dil. Inta badan dhagar qabayaashii kale ee reer galbeedku waxay ku guulaysteen inay dalka ka baxsadaan.

Sofiyati waxay u bixiyeen Lenin Plot Conspiracy Lockhart sababtoo ah Bruce ayaa lacag u balan qaaday Latvia. Kuwo kale waxay ugu yeereen Reilly Plot sababtoo ah Sidney dhab ahaantii wuxuu bixiyay Latvia.

Waxa kale oo lagu magacaabi karaa Conspiracy Cromie, tan iyo markii ugu horeysay ee uu la kulmay Shmidkhen. Oo waa maxay sababta Pole Plot, tan iyo markii ugu horeysay ee uu helay kubada 1917? Ama Wilson Plot ama Lansing Plot, maadaama ay ahaayeen naqshadihii asalka ahaa ee shirqoolka. Ruushku hadda waxay ugu yeedhaan shirqoolka safiirada sababtoo ah dublamaasiyiinta xulafada ah ee ku lug leh.

Sida ay noqotay, duubitaankii soo afjaray shirqoolka ayaa qayb ka ahaa hawlgal ay sameeyeen Lenin iyo Dzerzhinsky. Taasi waxay ka dhigtay "Lenin Plot" siyaabo ka badanMid ka mid ah.

Faahfaahinta shirqoolka waxaa lagu faahfaahiyay Barnes Carr taariikhda cusub ee Dagaalkii Qaboobaa, The Lenin Plot: The Unknown Story of America's War Against Russia, in lagu daabaco Oktoobar gudaha UK by Amberley Publishing iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika. by Pegasus Books. Carr waa wariye hore iyo tifaftirihii hore ee Mississippi, Memphis, Boston, Montréal, New York, New Orleans, iyo Washington, D.C. wuxuuna ahaa soo saaraha fulinta WRNO Worldwide, isagoo siinaya jazz New Orleans iyo R&B USSR sanadihii ugu dambeeyay Taliskii Soofiyeedka.

>