Shaqooyinkii Adam Smith ee 1776 Su'aal ku saabsan Dabeecadda iyo Sababaha Maalka Qaramada waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah buugaagta ugu saameynta badan ee abid la qoro.

Fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee suuqyada xorta ah, qaybinta shaqada iyo wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha ayaa saldhig u ah aragtida dhaqaalaha casriga ah, taasoo keentay in dad badan ay tixgeliyaan Smith 'Aabbaha Dhaqaalaha Casriga'.

Shaqsi dhexe oo ku jira Iftiinka Scotland, Smith waxa kale oo uu ahaa faylasuuf bulsho iyo aqoonyahan.

Halkan waxaa ah 10 xaqiiqo oo ku saabsan Adam Smith.

1. Smith wuxuu ahaa faylasuuf akhlaaqeed iyo sidoo kale aragti dhaqaale

Labada Smith ee shuqulladii waaweynaa, Aragtida Dareenka Akhlaaqda (1759) iyo The Wealth of Nations (1776), waxay ka walaacsan yihiin danaha gaarka ah iyo is-xukunka.

In Dareenka Akhlaaqda , Smith wuxuu baadhay sida dareenka dabiiciga ah loo maareyn karo iyada oo loo marayo "naxariis wadajir ah" si loo abuuro xukunnada anshaxa. In The Wealth of Nations , Smith wuxuu sahamiyey sida dhaqaalaha suuqa xorta ah uu u horseedo is-xakameyn iyo horumarinta danaha ballaaran ee bulshada.

'Muir Portrait' of Adam Smith, mid ka mid ah kuwa badan oo laga soo qaatay xusuusta. Farshaxan aan la aqoon.

Sawirka Xuquuqda: Sawirka Qaranka ee Iskotishka

2. Smith wuxuu haystay laba buug oo kale markuu dhintay

Waqtiga dhimashadiisa ee 1790, Smith wuxuu ahaaka shaqaynta buug ku saabsan taariikhda sharciga, iyo sidoo kale mid kale oo ka hadlaya cilmiga iyo farshaxanka. Waxa la soo jeediyay in dhamaystirka hawlahan ay ku gaadhi lahayd hamiga ugu dambeeya ee Smith: inuu soo bandhigo falanqayn ballaadhan oo ku saabsan bulshada iyo wejiyo badan. burburay, lagana yaabo in uu dunida u diido haddana saamayntiisa qoto dheer.

3. Smith waxa uu galay jaamacada da'da 14

Sannadkii 1737, da'da 14, Smith waxa uu iska diiwaan galiyay jaamacada Glasgow, ka dibna machad dhexe oo ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa bini'aadantinimada iyo caqli-galnimada ee ka jira taas oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Iftiinka Scotland. Smith waxa uu daliishanayaa doodihii xamaasadda lahaa ee uu hogaaminayey Professor of Falsafadda Akhlaaqda, Francis Hutcheson, in ay saamayn weyn ku yeelanayaan hammigiisa xorriyadda, hadalka xorta ah iyo caqliga.

Sannadkii 1740-kii, Smith waxa uu ahaa qofka helay bandhigga Snell, oo ah deeq waxbarasho oo sanadle ah oo u ogolaanaysa ardayda jaamacadda Glasgow fursad ay ku qaataan waxbarashada sare ee Balliol College, Oxford.

4. Smith kuma raaxaysan waqtigiisa Jaamacadda Oxford

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Waaya aragnimada Smith ee Glasgow iyo Oxford gabi ahaanba way ka duwanaayeen. In kasta oo Hutcheson uu ardaydiisa u diyaariyey dood adag iyada oo loo marayo fikrado cusub iyo kuwii hore, Oxford, Smith waxa uu rumaysnaa "qaybta ugu badan ee macallimiinta dadweynaha [ay] gabi ahaanba ka tanaasuleen xitaawax barida iska yeelyeel”.

Smith waxa kale oo lagu ciqaabay akhrinta A Treatise of Human Nature oo uu akhriyay saaxiibkiis dambe David Hume. Smith wuxuu ka tagay Oxford ka hor inta uusan dhammaan deeqaha waxbarasho oo ku soo laabtay Scotland.

Adam Smith taallo ee Edinburgh's High Street ee ka soo horjeedda St. Giles High Kirk.

Image Credit: Kim Traynor<4

6. Smith waxa uu ahaa akhriste cod badan

Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee Smith aanu ugu qanacsanayn waayo-aragnimadiisa Oxford waxa ay ahayd intee in le’eg oo horumarkiisu kaligii dhacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ka caawisay samaynta caado faa'iido leh oo wax-akhris ballaadhan ah kaas oo Smith sii waday noloshiisa oo dhan.

Maktabaddiisa gaarka ahi waxay ka koobnayd ku dhawaad ​​1500 buug oo ku saabsan mawduucyo kala duwan halka Smith uu sidoo kale horumariyay faham xooggan oo ku saabsan falsafada. Tani waxay saldhig u noqotay garashada naxwaha ee luqadaha badan.

7. Ardaydu waxay dibadda uga soo safreen si uu wax u baro Smith

Smith waxa ay ka soo degtay jaamicadda Edinburgh sannadkii 1748-kii shaqo muxaadaro dadweyne ah. Si wanaagsan ayaa loo soo dhaweeyay oo u horseeday bare sare oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Glasgow laba sano ka dib. Markii Professor of Falsafadda Akhlaaqda, Thomas Craigie, uu dhintay 1752, Smith wuxuu la wareegay jagada, isagoo bilaabay 13-sano waxbarasho oo uu ku qeexay inuu yahay "ugu faa'iido badan" iyo sidoo kale "xilliga ugu farxadda iyo sharafta badan"

8. Smith ma jeclayn inuu ka hadlo fikradihiisa bulsho ahaan

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In kasta oo taariikhdiisa ballaadhan ee hadal-haynta dadweynaha, Smith wax yar ayuu ka sheegay wada-hadallada guud, gaar ahaan shaqadiisa.

Tani waa sida uu qabo ardaygii hore ee Jaamacadda Glasgow ee isaga, iyo xubin kale oo ka tirsan Naadiga Suugaanta, James Boswell, kaas oo sheegay in Smith uu ka caga jiiday in uu shaaca ka qaado fikradaha buuggiisa isaga oo ka walaacsan xaddidaadda iibka iyo cabsida isaga oo si khaldan u sheegaya shaqadiisa suugaanta. Boswell waxa uu sheegay in Smith uu wacad ku maray in aanu waligii ka hadlin arrimaha uu fahmay.

9. Smith wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro > The Wealth of Nations caajisnimo darteed

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Smith wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro The Wealth of Nations si uu u gudbo Ka fogow waqtiga” gudaha Faransiiska intii lagu jiray 1774-75 markii uu shaqaaleysiiyay Chancellor of the Exchequer, Charles Townshend, si uu u baro wiil uu dhalay, Duke of Buccleuch.

Smith waxa uu aqbalay dalabkii qaaliga ahaa ee Townshend oo dhan £300 sannadkii oo lagu daray kharashyo, iyo £300 oo hawlgab sannadkii, laakiin wax yar oo dhiirigelin ah ayaa laga helay Toulouse iyo gobollada u dhow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo-aragnimadiisa ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii loo qaaday Geneva si uu ula kulmo Voltaire, iyo Paris halkaas oo lagu soo bandhigay dugsiga dhaqaalaha ee François Quesnay ee Physiocrats , kaas oo aad ula dhacay.

10 . Smith wuxuu ahaamarka hore Scotsman wuxuu ku xusay warqad Ingiriis ah

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Marka la eego saamaynta Smith ee adduunka dhaqaalaha, qirashada qaabka wejigiisa ee warqad-lacageedka ayaa u muuqata mid ku habboon.

Hubaal ku filan, tani waxay dhacday laba jeer, markii ugu horeysay ee waddankiisa Scotland 50 lacag ah oo uu soo saaray Bangiga Clydesdale 1981, iyo tan labaad ee 2007 markii Bank of England uu ku xusay £ 20. Munaasabadda dambe, Smith wuxuu noqday Scotsman-kii ugu horreeyay ee lagu soo bandhigo qoraal Ingiriis ah.

Xuska xusuusta ee Panmure House halkaas oo Adam Smith uu noolaa intii u dhaxaysay 1778 ilaa 1790.

10. Smith ma jecla in sawirkiisa la rinjiyeeyo

Smith ma jecla in sawirkiisa la rinjiyeeyo oo aad bay dhif u ahayd mid u fadhiistay . "I am a beau in nothing but my books", waxaa la sheegay in uu u sheegay saaxiibkii.

Sababtan awgeed, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan sawirada Smith waxaa laga soo qaatay xusuusta halka hal sawir oo dhab ah uu badbaaday, muuqaal muuqaal ah medallion by James Tassie oo tusay Smith inuu yahay nin weyn.