Shaxda tusmada
Sawirka Safarkii Nimrod (1907-09) ee Antarctic, oo uu hogaaminayay Ernest Sheckleton. Xuquuqda Sawirka: Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874-1922), Qaybta Dadweynaha, iyada oo loo sii marayo Wikimedia CommonsQarniyo badan bani'aadamku waxay sahamiyeen qaybaha 'aan la garanayn' ee adduunka, jaangooyooyinka dhulalka, calaamadinta magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka cusub iyo inay wax badan ka bartaan juquraafiga adduunka iyo juqraafiga.
Gobollada Polar ee Arctic iyo Antarctica waa qaar ka mid ah meelaha ugu halista badan uguna xiisaha badan ee dhulka. Dhowr qof ayaa safarro iyo safarro u galay iyaga, iyagoo rajeynaya inay si wanaagsan u fahmaan gobollada adduunka, si ay u helaan marinka Waqooyi-galbeed ama inay noqdaan kuwa ugu horreeya ee gaadha Waqooyiga ama Koonfurta Poles.
Dadkani waxay gaadheen waxqabadyo aan la rumaysan karin oo dulqaad iyo geesinimo bini'aadmi ah. Halkan waxaa ah 10 tirooyinka muhiimka ah ee taariikhda sahaminta dabaysha.
1. Erik the Red (950-1003) timihiisa iyo gadhkiisa) wuxuu ahaa sahamiye. Erik aabihiis ayaa laga soo masaafuriyay Norway markii Erik uu ahaa 10. Waxay u dhoofeen galbeedka waxayna degeen Iceland. Isagoo raacaya wadadii aabihiis, Erik ayaa laga masaafuriyey Iceland. Taasi waxay keentay inuu sahamiyo oo uu dago Greenland. 2. Sir John Franklin (1786-1847)
Sayidka 1786, Sir John Franklin wuxuu ahaa sarkaal British Royal Bravy iyo Arctic Explorer. Horraantii qarnigii 19-aad waxaa lagu arkay kor u kaca sahaminta Arctic dad badanisku dayaya in uu helo marinka Waqooyi-galbeed, dariiqa badeed ee u dhexeeya badweynta Atlaantigga iyo Baasifigga ee sii mara badweynta Arctic. Franklin waxa uu qaaday saddex safar oo uu ku tagay Arctic isaga oo kii ugu caansanaa uu ahaa socdaalkiisii saddexaad iyo kii u dambeeyay.
Sannadkii 1845, isagoo amrayay Argagax iyo Erebus , Franklin waxa uu u ambabaxay safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee Arctic. Maraakiibtiisu waxay ku xayirmeen barafka ku yaal jasiiradda King William waxaana dhammaan shaqaalihiisii oo ahaa 129 nin ay ku dhinteen.
Sidoo kale eeg: Weeraradii Internetka ee ugu Wayn Taariikhda3. Sir James Clark Ross (1800-1862)
Sir James Clark Ross wuxuu ahaa sarkaal katirsan Ciidanka Badda kaas oo safarro badan kutagey Arctic. Socdaalkiisii ugu horeeyay ee Arctic wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah adeerkiis, Sir John Ross's, socdaalkii raadinta marinka Waqooyi-galbeed sanadkii 1818. Kadib wuxuu sameeyay 4 safar oo hoos yimaada amarka Sir William Parry. Sanadkii 1831, Ross wuxuu ku yaal booska Waqooyiga Magnetic Pole.Intii u dhaxaysay 1839-1843, Ross wuxuu amar ku bixiyay safar lagu jaangooyay xeebta Antarctic. HMS Erebus iyo HMS Argagax ayaa loo adeegsaday safarka waxaana la sameeyay daah-furyo dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan foolkaanooyinka Argagaxiso iyo Erebus, James Ross Island iyo Badda Ross.
Shaqadiisa kor loogu qaadayo aqoontayada juqraafiyeed ee gobollada cirifka, Ross waa la garaacay, waxaana la siiyay Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations waxaana loo doortay Ururka Royal.
HMS Erebus iyo Argagax ka jirta Antarctic ee uu qoray JohnWilson Carmichael
Sawirka: Matxafyada Royal Greenwich, James Wilson Carmichael, Qaybta Dadweynaha, iyada oo loo sii marayo Wikimedia Commons
4. Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930)> Fridtjof Nansen wuxuu ahaa Sahamiye Noorwiiji ah, saynis yahan, diblomaasi iyo bini'aadantinimo. Sannadkii 1888kii, Nansen waxa uu qabtay gudbigii ugu horreeyay ee Greenland. Kooxdiisu waxay adeegsadeen skis-dalka si ay u dhamaystiraan socdaalkan.Bamba oo uu Nansen-ku-doono. Shaqaale tiradoodu dhan tahay 12, Nansen waxay kiraysatay Framwaxayna ka shiraacday Bergen 2dii Luulyo 1893. Biyaha barafka ah ee agagaarka Arctic ayaa hoos u dhigay Fram. Nansen wuxuu qaatay go'aanka ah inuu ka tago markabka. Waxaa weheliya khabiirka wadista eey Hjalmar Johansen, shaqaaluhu waxay u gudbeen dhulka tiirka. Nansen ma uusan gaarin tiirka laakiin waxa uu gaaray loolka waqooyi rikoor.5. Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912)
Scott waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu saamaynta badan, uguna murugada badan, tirooyinka 'Da'dii geesinimada lahayd ee sahaminta Antarctic'. Da'da geesinimada waxay ahayd xilli taariikheed laga soo bilaabo dhamaadkii qarnigii 19aad ilaa 1921 taas oo aragtay dadaalo caalami ah oo dhowr ah oo lagu sahaminayo Antarctica oo lagu gaadhay cirifka koonfureed. Da'dan waxaa kiciyay maraakiibta nibiriga ee u safraya Antarctica, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen Arctic-ka xad dhaafka ah, iyo warqad uu qoray John Murray oo ku baaqaya cusboonaysiinta sahaminta Antarctica.
Scott waxa uu qaatay labasafarrada Antarctica. Socdaalkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 1901, Scott wuxuu amray ujeeddada loo dhisay RRS Discovery . Safarka Daahfurka wuxuu ahaa sahaminta rasmiga ah ee ugu horeysay ee British ah ee gobolada Antarctic tan iyo Ross, waxayna keentay sahan dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Cape Crozier emperor Penguin colony iyo Plateau Polar (halkaas oo cirifka koonfureed ku yaal).
````` `````Safarkii ugu dambeeyay’ Safarkii Terra Nova kii ugu horreeyay ee uu ku gaaro cirifka Koonfureed. In kasta oo ay tiirka gaadheen, haddana waxa garaacay Roald Amundsen. Scott iyo xisbigiisa waxay ku halaagsameen safarkoodii soo laabashada.
Markab Sahrinta , iyo labada markab ee gargaarka, Subaxdii iyo Terra Nova , ee Antarctica intii lagu jiray Socdaalkii Qaranka Antarctic ee Ingiriiska, 1904.
Sawirka Xuquuqda: Alexander Turnbull National Library, Photographer Unknown, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons
6. Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) Roald Amundsen wuxuu si kal iyo laab ah u akhriyay xisaabaadka Franklin ee socdaalada Arctic wuxuuna aad u soo jiitay gobollada polar-ka. Sannadkii 1903, Amundsen waxa uu qaaday socdaal uu ku marayo marinka Waqooyi-galbeed. Amundsen waxay isticmaashay markab yar oo kalluumaysi, Gjøa , iyo shaqaale 6, taas oo fududaysay in la dhex maro marinka. Waxa uu la hadlay dadka deegaanka oo uu bartay xirfadaha badbaadada Arctic, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka eeyaha sledka ah iyo xidhashada dhogorta xayawaanka.
Waxa laga yaabaa inuu aad u fiican yahayWaxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay ee hogaamiya koox si ay u gaaraan Pole South, iyagoo Scott ku garaacay 5 usbuuc. Socdaalkiisa guusha leh waxaa inta badan loo aaneeyaa qorsheyntiisa taxadarka leh, dharka iyo qalabka ku habboon, fahamka eeyaha sledka ah iyo ujeedo gaar ah - si uu u gaaro Cirifka Koonfureed.
Si uu ugu daro CV-giisa cajiibka ah, Amundsen waxa uu noqday ninkii ugu horreeyay ee ka tallaaba Arctic isaga oo raacaya markab diyaaradeed oo gaadhay Cirifka Waqooyi. Iyagoo ku guda jira hawl samatabbixin, Amundsen iyo diyaaradiisa waa la waayay. Marna maydkiisa lama helin.
>Roald Amundsen, 1925 1922. Qoyskiisu waxa ay u guureen London markii uu 6 jir ahaa. Ma xiisaynaynin dugsiga laakiin wax badan ayuu ka akhriyey safarka, sahaminta iyo juqraafiga. Markii uu ka baxay dugsiga isagoo 16 jir ah, Shackleton waxa uu ku biiray "kahor mastka" (tababare ama badmaaxiye caadi ah oo saaran markab shiraaca) markabka Hoghton Tower.Safarkii Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, oo uu hogaaminayay Shackleton, ayaa la qaaday 1911 iyada oo ujeedadu ahayd in laga gudbo Antarctica. In kasta oo uu duullaanku ku guul-darraystay ujeeddooyinkiisii, haddana waxa laga yaabaa inay caan ku tahay wax-qabadyada cajiibka ah ee dulqaadka, hoggaaminta iyo geesinimada bani-aadmiga ee uu ka marag kacay.
> >Markabkii Shackleton, Daryeel , ayaa ku degtay safarka, taas oo keentay in shaqaaluhu ay ku xanniban yihiin barafka. Waxa dib loo helay 107 sano ka dib, bishii March 2022. Shackleton waxa uu raggiisa u horseeday Jasiiradda Elephant halkaas oo isaga iyo 5 kale ay galeen safar 800-mile ah oo ay ku tageen James Caird shaqaalaha Dhammaan 28 ayaa badbaaday.Safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee Shackleton ee Antarctica waxa uu dhacay 1921-kii. Shackleton waxa ku dhacay wadno-xanuun marka uu saarnaa markabkiisa Quest wuuna dhintay. Waxaa lagu aasay Grytviken, South Georgia.
8. Robert Peary (1881-1911)
Robert Peary wuxuu ahaa sahamiye Mareykan ah iyo sarkaal ka tirsan ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka. Booqashadii ugu horeysay ee Peary ee Arctic waxay dhacday 1886 markii uu isku dayay, ku guuldareystay, inuu ka gudbo Greenland. Sannadkii 1891-kii, Peary waxa uu safar ku tagay Greenland si uu u go'aamiyo haddii ay tahay jasiirad ama jasiiradda Cirifka Waqooyi. Xaaska Peary ee Josephine ayaa la socotay, taasoo ka dhigtay haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee socdaalka Arctic.
Peary wuxuu dhigay rikoodh cusub oo woqooyiga ugu fog, 1909-kiina wuxuu sheegtay inuu yahay ninkii ugu horreeyay ee gaadha cirifka woqooyi. Sheegashadiisaayaa lagu murmay iyadoo qaar ay sheeganayaan inuu seegay tiirka iyo sahamiye Cook isagoo sheeganaya inuu tiirka gaadhay 1908. Xisaabta Amundsen ee gaadhay cirifka woqooyi 1926 waa kii ugu horreeyay ee la xaqiijiyo.
9. Sir Edmund Hillary (1919-2008)
<Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu halista badan ee qarnigii ugu caansan iyo sahamiyayaashii 20-ka sano ayaa ahaa Sir Edmund Hillary. Waxay ku dhalatay New Zealand 1919, Hillary waxay xiisaynaysay socodka iyo fuulista buurta dugsiga. Wuxuu dhammeeyay fuuliddiisii ugu horreysay, Mount Ollivier, 1939kii. 1 1 1 100 000 001 001 0011001'1939-kii dhamaysay, Mount Ollivier, 1939kii 29kii Maajo 1953, Hillary iyo Tenzing Norgay waxay noqdeen fuulayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la diiwaan geliyo si ay u gaadhaan buurta Everest.
Hillary waxay samaysay qayb ka mid ah Socdaalkii Trans-Antarctic Expedition ee Barwaaqo-sooranka 1958, iyada oo hogaaminaysay qaybta New Zealand. Kooxdiisu waxay ahaayeen kuwii ugu horreeyay ee gaadha Koonfurta Pole tan iyo Amundsen iyo Scott. 1985, Hillary waxay ku soo degtay cirifka woqooyi. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in Hillary uu ahaa ninkii ugu horreeyay ee istaaga labada tiir ee gaaray halka ugu sarreysa ee Everest.
10. Ann Bancroft (1955- hadda)
Ann Bancroft waa halabuure Mareykan ah, qoraa iyo macallin. Waxay aad u jeceshahay bannaanka, cidlada iyo sahaminta waxayna safarro ku samaysay wabiga Ganges iyo Greenland.
Sannadkii 1986-kii, iyada oo qayb ka ah Safarkii Will Steger International North Pole Expedition, Bancroft waxay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay eelug iyo sled ku gaar Cirifka Waqooyi. 5 sano ka dib, waxay hogaamisay safarkii ugu horeeyay ee dumar ah oo dhan ee Koonfurta Pole. Iyaga oo aad u xiiseeya saamaynta kulaylka adduunku ku yeelanayo gobollada dacallada, Bancroft iyo Liv Arnesen ayaa noqday dumarkii ugu horreeyay ee barafka ku dhex mara Antarctica si ay kor ugu qaadaan wacyiga ku saabsan isbeddelka cimilada.
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> Akhri wax badan oo ku saabsan daahfurka Adkeysiga. Sahami taariikhda Shackleton iyo da'da sahaminta. Booqo website-ka rasmiga ah ee Endurance22.
Tags: Robert Falcon Scott Sir John Franklin Ernest Shackleton