Markievicz oo ku labisan dirayska baadhista Adeegga Cusub ee Colt Model 1909 revolver, oo la soo bandhigay c.1915

Constance Markievicz, nee Gore-Booth, waxa uu ku dhashay 1868-kii kuna biiray Anglo-Irish gentry. Diidmada filashada qoyska, waxay raacday nolosheeda dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo ay hagayso mabaadi'da waddaniyadda Irishka, feminism-ka iyo hantiwadaagga.

Hogaamiyaha millatariga ee 1916 Easter Rising, Markievicz ayaa laga badbaadiyay maxkamad milatari sababtoo ah jinsigeeda. "Tijaabooyinkii" sida arxan darada ah iyo dilalka ee hogaamiyayaasha fallaagada waxay wax ka bedeshay jawigii siyaasadeed, Constance Markievicz waxaa lagu doortay codbixinta Sinn Fein 1918. Haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee loo doorto Westminster waxay ku jirtay xabsiga Ingiriiska xilligaas waxaana lagu doortay Codeynta ka soo horjeedda Ingiriiska Waxay diiday xeerarka bulshada iyo aabaha ee fasalka Anglo-Irish Ascendancy

Gore-Booths, mid ka mid ah qoysaska ugu weyn ee ku nool Co Sligo, waxay degganaayeen Lissadell House waxayna si adag u dejiyeen gudaha Boqortooyada Anglo-Irish. .

Kadib markii la diiday soo-soceeyaasha xaqa u leh dhowrka 'xilliyada' maxkamada Queen Victoria, London, Con wuxuu aaday Paris si uu u barto fanka oo uu qaatay qaab nololeed ka-bohemian ah. Halkaa waxa ay kula kulantay fanaan kale, inkasta oo ciwaankeedu yahay, Polish Count Casimir Dunin Markievicz, oo ay guursatay 1900.

Sidoo kale eeg: 10 ka mid ah Dhismayaasha Roomaanka ugu Fiican iyo Goobaha weli Taagan Yurub

Waxay ku dhalatay Kaniisadda Ireland, waxay markii dambe qaadan lahayd diinta Katooliga.Con waxa uu ka baxay lebbiska fiidnimo ee loo dejiyay in uu qaabilo dheddigga Irish-ka iyo sababaha qarannimada.

Lissadell House waa guri cusub oo Giriig ah oo ku yaal County Sligo, Ireland. (Credit: Nigel Aspdin)

2. Waxay ahayd horyaalnimada soo noolaynta fanka Irishka

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Con oo ka dhex shaqeysa shabakad caan ah oo farshaxanno iyo gabayaa ah, waddaniyiin dhaqameed kuwaas oo si wadajir ah u abuuray dib u soo noolaynta Dhaqanka Celtic. Waxay dhigatay Dugsiga Slade ee Farshaxanka Fine, waxayna qayb ka qaadatay samaynta Naadiga Farshaxannada Midowday.

Constance iyo walaasheed Eva-Gore Booth waxay ahaayeen saaxiibbo carruurnimo ee Abwaan W B Yeats; Gabaygiisa "Xusuusiga Eva Gore-Booth iyo Con Markiewicz" wuxuu ku tilmaamay Constance inuu yahay "cawlaha"

Sidoo kale eeg: Sidee buu muhiim u ahaa dagaalkii Waterloo?

Sidoo kale goobabada dhalaalaysa ee tirooyinka dhaqameed sida Oscar Wilde, Maud Gonne, iyo Sean O'Casey, Con waxa kale oo uu la shaqeeyay oo la dagaallamay kuwii aan dhiman ee fallaagada Irishka ah sida James Connolly, Pádraig Pearse, Michael Collins iyo inta kale.

Abalmarinta Nobel ee ku guulaysata abwaan Irishka W. B. Yeats waxay aad ugu dhawaa Constance Markiewicz iyo walaasheed Eva. Gore-Booth.

3. Waxay ahayd hogaamiye ciidan 1916 Easter Rising

Iyadoo koox yar oo fallaago ah oo daacad ah ay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan ciidamada Ingiriiska dhufeysyadoodii Dublin, Constance waxay qaadatay doorar badan.

>Qorsheynta, iyadu ayaa mas'uul ka ahaa go'aaminta bartilmaameedyada istiraatiijiga ah. Intuu dagaalku ku socdaySaldhig ku yaala St Stephen's Green, waxay toogtay xubin ka tirsan booliiska Dublin oo markii dambe u dhintay dhaawacii soo gaaray.

Kalkaaliyaha caafimaadka ee degmada Geraldine Fitzgerald, goobjooge gacan kowaad ah, ayaa lagu duubay xusuus-qorkeeda:

' Islaan ku lebisan direys cagaar ah, oo la mid ah nimanka ay xirnaayeen… oo gacanta ku sita gacnad, gacanta kalena sigaar ku sita, waxay istaagtay dariiqa la marsiiyo oo amar siinaysa nimanka.'

Dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo kicinta Markievicz iyo haweenka kale ee fallaagada ah sida Helena Moloney, ku dhawaaqida Jamhuuriyadda Irishka, oo uu akhriyay Pádraig Pearse oo ku saabsan tillaabooyinka Xafiiska Boostada Guud subaxaas naxdinta leh ee 1916, wuxuu ahaa dastuurkii ugu horreeyay ee siyaasadeed meel kasta oo lagu dhawaaqo doorasho siman. .

> Countess Markiewicz oo ku lebisan dirayska.

4. Xukunkeeda dilka ah waxaa loo bedelay xabsi daa'in "kaliya jinsigeeda awgeed"

Garison-ka cagaaran ee Stephen ayaa socday 6 maalmood, ka dib Constance waxaa loo qaaday xabsiga Kilmainham. Markievicz markii ay joogtay maxkamada ciidamada qalabka sida waxa ay difaacday xaqa ay u leedahay in ay u dagaalanto xoriyada Ireland.

Markii ay maqashay go'aanka lagu dhimay xukunkeedii dilka ahaa waxa ay u sheegtay kooxihii afduubtay, "Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in qaybtaadu ay si hufan u disho" . Markievicz waxaa loo wareejiyay xabsiga Mountjoy ka dibna xabsiga Aylesbury ee England bishii Luulyo 1916.

> 5. Wax badan ayay xabsiga ugu jirtay nolosheeda oo dhan, sababtoo ah hawlaheeda wadaninimo

Raysalwasaaraha Ingiriiska Lloyd George ayaa bixiyay cafis guudkuwii ku lug lahaa kor u kaca ee 1917. Constance ayaa mar kale la xidhay Maajo 1918 iyada oo ay weheliyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee caanka ah ee Sinn Fein, waxaana loo diray xabsiga Holloway.

1920, marka la eego ku lug lahaanshaha Black iyo Tan ee Ireland Constance ayaa mar kale la xiray waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay maleegayeen kaalinteedii hore ee aasaaska ururka Fianna nah Eireann, oo ah urur indho-indhayn ah oo wadani ah.1 sababtii Ireland ay jeclayd.

6. Waxay ahayd labadooduba haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee loo doorto Westminster oo si adag uga soo horjeedda Ingiriisiga

Doorashadii guud ee Irish bishii Diseembar 1918, Xisbiga Baarlamaanka Ireland ee dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa guuldarro weyn kala kulmay xisbiga xagjirka ah ee Sinn Féin.

<1 Markievicz oo xiran ayaa loo doortay degmada Dublin St Patrick's, haweeneydii ugu horeysay ee loo doorto Aqalka Baarlamaanka UK.fadhigeeda baarlamaanka Gabadha Ireland') iyo Ciidanka Citizen ee Irishka.

Shaqsi ahaan sidoo kale, iyaduIngiriis oo lagu loolamayo; Xiliga baroordiiqda ee Edward VII waxay masraxa soo xiratay dhar cas oo dareen leh. Waxay sidoo kale qortay qaab beer-goosad ah oo leh kaftan aad u xun:

“ Aad bay u adag tahay dilka slugs iyo snails laakiin yeynan nixin. Wadaniga wanaagsan waa inuu si la mid ah u eego slugs beerta si la mid ah sida ay u eegto Ingiriisi ee Ireland."

Hannaan-socodka guusha doorashada ee uu hoggaamiyo Markievicz ee County Clare, 1918.

3>7. Waxay ahayd naagtii ugu horeysay ee galbeedka Yurub ee qabata jago golaha wasiirada >

Markievicz waxa ay soo noqotay Wasiirka Shaqada  laga bilaabo Abriil 1919 ilaa Janaayo 1922, Wasaaradda Labaad iyo Wasaaradda Sadexaad ee Dáil. Waxay ahayd haweeneyda kaliya ee golaha wasiirada ka ah taariikhda Irish ilaa 1979.

Door ku habboon Constance, inkasta oo asalkeeda hodanka ah, ay nafteeda la xiriirtay kicinta hantiwadaagga sida James Connoly oo ay diyaarisay jikada maraq si ay u taageerto. Qoysaska shaqaalihii ka dhacay 'Dublin Lockout of 1913'.

Constance walaashii Eva waxay ahayd qoraa aad loo ixtiraamo iyo qabanqaabiyaha urur shaqaale oo muhiim ah waxayna aasaastay, tusaale ahaan, Ururka Difaaca Siyaasadeed ee Barmaids bishii Maarso 1908.

Intii lagu jiray jiilaalkii ka hor dhimashadii Markievicz ee 1927 iyadoo 59 jir ah, waxaa si joogta ah loo arkay iyadoo bacaha cawska ah sido dadka saboolka ah ee degmadeeda. in la sameeyo. Halka nimanku lahaaqabashada shirar aan dhammaad lahayn oo lagaga hadlayo dhibaatooyinka, waxay rumaysatay in tallaabo degdeg ah loo qaado bacaha cawska si toos ah kuwa u baahan: fal miyir la'aan ah oo ka soo horjeeda nooca siyaasadda ee baahsan oo si joogto ah ugu guuldareystay inay saameyn ku yeelato isbeddelka ay u soo shaqeysay.

Markii ay jirradeedii u dambaysay, ee lala xidhiidhiyay sannado badan oo cunto-joojin ah, arxan-darrada bilayska, iyo dagaalladii jabhadaha ahaa ee jirkeeda wiiqay, waxay isu sheegtay inay tahay sabool, waxaana la dhigay goob dadweyne. Waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Glasnevin.

Shaqadeeda hamiga leh, sheekada gabadha cajiibka ah ee Anglo-Irish aristocracy oo leh magaca aan macquul ahayn ee Countess Markievicz waxay la mid tahay hal-abuurka jamhuuriyadda Irishka.

Tags: Queen Victoria