Shiinaha iyo Taiwan waxay muddo dheer soo hayeen taariikh qadhaadh oo murugsan. Waxaa kala soocay marin biyoodka Taiwan, waxay ku hareen ismari waa ilaa 1949-kii markii Shiinuhu u kala qaybsamay Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha iyo Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha. Tan iyo markaas, dawladda Shiinaha waxay Taiwan u aragtay gobol ka goostay oo ugu dambeyntii soo laaban doona. Runtii Madaxweynaha Shiinaha, Xi Jinping ayaa hore wacad ugu maray inuu Taiwan dib ula midoobi doono dhul weynaha Shiinaha, isagoo isticmaalaya xoog haddii loo baahdo. Taas beddelkeeda, Taiwan waxay isu aragtaa dal madax-bannaan - haddii si rasmi ah loo shaaciyo iyo haddii kaleba.

Xiisadda u dhaxaysa Maraykanka iyo Shiinaha ayaa cirka isku shareertay ka dib markii afhayeenka Aqalka Wakiilada Maraykanka, Nancy Pelosi, ay booqatay Taiwan 3-dii Agoosto 2022 oo ay la kulantay madaxweynaha Taiwan Tsai- Ing-wen. Shiinaha oo aad u cadhaysan ayaa ka jawaabay isagoo ku dhawaaqay 6 maalmood oo dhoolatus milatari ah oo fulinaya dhoolatus toos ah si ay ugu ekaysiiyaan weerarka Taiwan, una muuqda inay ku celcelinayaan weerar ka iman kara Faahfaahinta – iyo sababta Maraykanku ugu lug leeyahay

Dhammaadkii boqortooyadii Qing ee Shiinaha

Taiwan markii ugu horreysay waxay ka soo muuqatay diiwaannada Shiinaha 239 AD, markaasoo ciidan safar ah loo diray si ay u sahamiyaan aagga. Iyadoo ay ahayd gumeysi Nederlaan ah bartamihii qarnigii 17-aad, Taiwan waxaa maamulayay boqortooyadii Qing ee Shiinaha laga soo bilaabo 1683-1895,soo jiidashada muhaajiriin badan oo Shiinees ah

Fort Zeelandia, oo ah hoyga Guddoomiyaha ee Holland Formosa

Sawirka Xuquuqda: Joan Blaeu, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Dhanka kale, ka dib markii boqortooyadii Qing ay dhammaatay 1911, kala qaybsanaan ayaa hogaaminaysay Kuomintang ( KMT) -Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha ee uu hoggaamiyo iyo ciidamada Xisbiga Shuuciga Shiinaha (CCP) ayaa isbahaystay si ay isugu dayaan in ay dib u midoobaan dalka. Isbahaysigani ma sii waarin, laga soo bilaabo 1927 labada dhinac waxay ku dagaalameen Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Shiinaha. Horraantii 1930-meeyadii, Nationalists waxay gacanta ku hayeen Shiinaha intiisa badan.

Xukunka dagaalkii ka dambeeyay iyo masaafurinta

Kadib markii Jabaaniyiintu is dhiibeen 1945-tii, Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha waxaa oggolaaday xulafadeeda dagaalka ee Mareykanka iyo UK oo bilaabaysa in ay xukunto Taiwan.

Qaraniyiinta iyo shuuciyada ayaa dib u bilaabay dagaalkoodii sokeeye. Waxaa taageeray Ruushka Soofiyeeti, ciidanka CCP ayaa ku guuleystay, 1949-kii, ciidamadii Qaranka ee General Chiang Kai-shek, haraadiga dowladdiisa iyo 1.5 milyan oo taageerayaashooda ah ayaa u daadgureeyay Taiwan. Mao Zedong, hogaamiyaha shuuciyada, wuxuu xoojiyay gacan ku haynta dhul waynaha, isaga oo aasaasay Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha (PRC). Chiang waxa uu soo dhisay dawlad dibad joog ka ah Taiwan, Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha (ROC).

Aqoonsiga iyo siyaasadda ‘One-China’

Bilowgii,Dowladda Chiang ee dibad-baxa ku jirta ayaa wali sheegtay in ay matasho dhammaan Shiinaha, iyada oo doonaysa in ay dib u qabsato. Waxay ku fadhiisatay kursiga Shiinaha ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay muddo tobanaan sano ah dalal badan oo reer galbeed ah oo uu ku jiro Ameerika waxay u aqoonsadeen inay tahay dawladda kaliya ee Shiinaha.

Haddana wakhtigu wuu dhaafay, waddamada qaar waxay ku doodeen in xukuumadda Taiwan aan loo aqoonsan karin inay si dhab ah u matasho boqollaal milyan oo qof oo ku noolaa dhul weynaha Shiinaha. Sidaa darteed, si muhiim ah, 1971, UN waxay u beddeshay aqoonsigeeda diblomaasiyadeed ee Beijing. Ka dib dhimashadii Mao Zedong ee 1976, hogaamiyaha cusub ee CCP, Deng Xiaoping ayaa wacad ku maray inuu Shiinaha u furi doono adduunka

Boodhka borobagaandada ee muujinaya Mao Zedong, 1940-meeyadii.

Sawirka: Chris Hellier / Alamy Stock Photo

Aqoonsiga fursadaha ganacsiga iyo baahida loo qabo in la caadiyeeyo xidhiidhka, Maraykanku waxa uu si rasmi ah xidhiidh diblomaasiyadeed ula samaystay Beijing 1979. Iyada oo qayb ka ah heshiiskaas, Maraykanku waxa uu ogolaaday in uu aqoonsado oo uu ku dheggan yahay 'Hal -Siyaasadda Shiinaha - in uu jiro hal Shiinuhu, Taiwanna ay qayb ka tahay. Diidmo ka dib, Congress-ku waxa uu soo saaray sharci ku qasbaya America in ay hub siiso Taiwan si ay isaga difaacdo.

Kaliya tiro yar oo waddamo ah ayaa hadda si diblomaasiyadeed u aqoonsan ROC inkastoo Taiwan ay leedahay dastuur u gaar ah iyo hoggaamiyeyaal si dimoqraadi ah loo soo doortay. 2>

Xiriirka xiga

Iskaashiga dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya dhulweynaha Shiinaha iyo Taiwan ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u dhismay iyosi joogto ah waqti ka dib. Sannadkii 1978-kii, wiilka Chiang, Chiang Ching-kuo, ayaa la doortay oo loo ogolaaday dimoqraadiyad dheeraad ah. 1980-meeyadii Taiwan waxay debcisay sharciyada booqashooyinka iyo maalgashiga Shiinaha, xitaa waxay ku dhawaaqday 1991, in dagaalkii PRC uu dhamaaday. haddii ay ogolaatay in ay hoos timaado maamulka Beijing, laakiin Taiwan ayaa diiday dalabka. Isku daygii xigay ee lagu doonayay in Taiwan lagu cabsi geliyo gantaallo la tijaabiyay 1995kii, waxa ay kicisay awood millatari oo xooggan oo ka imanaysa Ameerika, Beijingna way ka laabatay.

2000, Taiwan waxay u dooratay Chen Shui-bian madaxweyne, kaas oo xisbigiisa Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) xornimada si cad loo taageeray. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay 2004, Shiinuhu wuxuu soo saaray sharci 'ka-hortagga gooni-goosadka', isagoo ku adkeystay in Shiinuhu uu xaq u leeyahay inuu 'hab aan nabad ahayn' u adeegsado Taiwan haddii uu isku dayo inuu 'go'o' Shiinaha.

KMT's Ma Ying-jeou waxa uu ku guulaystey Chen 2008. Wadahadaladii ugu horreeyay ee rasmi ah ee labada dal ayaa dhacay, iyadoo heshiisyo dhaqaale iyo heshiisyo ganacsi oo aad u fog, oo uu ku jiro 2010kii qaabdhismeedka iskaashiga dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah (ECFA). Dib-u-doorashadiisa 2012 waxay si weyn u sii kordhisay iskaashiga.

Mudaaharaadyo ayaa ka qarxay Taiwan 2014-kii iyada oo ku tiirsanaanta dhaqaale ee sii kordheysa ee Beijing, 2016, Tsai Ing-wen oo ka tirsan DPP ayaa noqotay madaxweynaha Taiwan. Tsai ayaa ku guuleysatay mar labaad sanadka 2020 cod rikoor jabin ah, taas oo si weyn loogu arkayay mid ku dhaga nugulBeijing. Mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay Hong Kong oo looga soo horjeeday dhul-weynaha Shiinaha ee saamaynta sii kordhaya ayaa xoojiyay mawqifka Taiwan

Ma Ying-jeou ayaa la kulmay hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya Mainland Xi Jinping bishii November 2015 iyaga oo ah hoggaamiyaha Taiwan iyo Mainland China siday u kala horreeyaan<2 Image Credit: 政府網站資料開放宣告, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons

Biden madaxnimadiisa iyo xiisadaha 2022

Maraykanku wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu dheggan yahay siyaasadda 'Hal-Shiine' oo leh xiriir rasmi ah oo lala yeesho Beijing halkii uu la lahaa Taipei. Waxa ay leedahay siyaasad soo jireen ah oo ah 'madmadowga istiraatijiyadeed', iyada oo diidaysa in ay sheegto waxa ay yeeli doonto haddii Shiinaha uu soo weeraro

2019, madaxweynaha Shiinaha Xi Jinping waxa uu dib u xaqiijiyay in ay ka go'an tahay 'dib u midaynta' Taiwan iyo dhul weynaha, isagoo sheegay in :

'Ma samaynayno ballan ah inaan ka tanaasulno adeegsiga xoogga, oo aan haysanno ikhtiyaarka ah inaan qaadno dhammaan tallaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah'. u yimi in Taiwan ay ku caawiso dagaal, oo uu ku jiro May 2022, laakiin mar kasta Aqalka Cad wuxuu sheegaa inuu 'qalday' oo uu dib u xaqiijiyo go'aanka Mareykanka ee siyaasadda 'Hal-China'. (Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar kasta oo Taiwan horay loogu hanjabay, Ameerika waxay soo dirtay maraakiib iyo ciidamo taageero ah). Beijing ayaa ka jawaabtay iyada oo kor u qaaday duullaanka diyaaradaha militariga ee Taiwan aagga difaaca hawada iyo guud ahaan marin biyoodka Taiwan, taasoo keentay in Mareykanka uu xulufo cusub oo goboleed la sameeyo Hindiya, Australia iyoJapan.

Diyaarad dheer oo dhaleecaysay heerka xuquuqul insaanka ee Shiinaha, Afhayeenka Aqalka Congress-ka ee Maraykanka Nancy Pelosi ayaa booqatay Taiwan 3-dii Agoosto 2022 iyada oo qayb ka ah socdaal ay ku tagtay xulafada Maraykanka ee gobolka, kaas oo loogu talagalay in lagu muujiyo taageerada Maraykanka ee Taiwan. Xi Jinping oo ka cadhooday wakhtiga uu safarkan ku soo beegan yahay isaga oo u ol’olaynaya inuu mar saddexaad u tartamo xilka madaxtinimo ee dalkaasi, ayaa waxa uu Xi Jinping kaga fal-celiyay awood aan hore loo arag oo ku xeeran Taiwan

Waa la arki doonaa in siyaasadda ‘Hal Shiinuhu’ ay awood u yeelan karto. istaaji wakhtiga.