Waa sheeko aan waligeed joogsan qabsashada male-awaalka dadweynaha. Mawduuca buugaag badan, bandhigyada TV-ga iyo Hollywood blockbusters, Robin Hood wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah geesiyaasha ugu caansan ee qarniyadii dhexe; Halkaa oo ay la socdaan halyeeyo kale oo halyeeyo ah sida King Arthur.

Sida halyeey kasta oo caan ah, sheekadii ninkii Nottingham ee "ka xaday taajiriinta oo u dhiibay masaakiinta" ayaa asalkeeda iyo asalkeedu qoto dheer yahay.

In kasta oo qofna aanu si buuxda u xaqiijin karin in Robin Hood uu ahaa wax aan ahayn dabeecad la sameeyay, haddana waxa jira caddayn ku filan oo muujinaya in ninkan uu jiray wakhtiyadii dhexe.<2

Asal ahaan

Robin Hood asalkiisu waxa uu soo bilaabmay dabayaaqadii qarnigii 14-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 15-aad, wakhtigaas oo uu noqday hal-abuur heersare ah oo heeso, gabayo iyo muusik kala duwan leh. Tixraaca ugu horreeya ee aayadda Ingiriisiga ee Robin Hood waxa laga helay The Vision of Piers Plowman , gabay maldahan Ingiriisi dhexe ah oo uu qoray William Langland badhkii dambe ee qarnigii 14-aad.

“ I kan noghtly my Paternoster as the preest it syngeth,

Laakiin Ikan rymes of Robyn Hood…”

Marka loo turjumay Ingiriisi casriga ah, qayb ka mid ah gabayga Langland wuxuu akhriyaa “Inkasta oo aanan awoodin akhri salaadda Rabbiga, waan garanayaa qaafiyada Robin Hood.”

Taladan in xitaa ragga iyo dumarka aan aqoonta lahayn ay ogaan lahaayeen Robin Hoodwuxuu muujinayaa in halyeyga uu ahaa mid si wanaagsan looga yaqaanay dhammaan xubnaha bulshada, iyadoon loo eegin awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay wax akhriyaan oo wax qoraan.

Major Oak Tree ee Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire. Geedka ayaa la sheegay inuu ahaa mabda'a Robin Hood ee qarinaya. Xuquuqda Sawirka: Shutterstock

Qoraalka ugu horreeya ee badbaaday ee tilmaamaya Robin Hood waa ballad qarnigii 15aad ee cinwaankiisu ahaa " Robyn Hood iyo Monk ", hadda lagu xafiday Jaamacadda Cambridge. Waa ballad-kii ugu horreeyay oo kaliya ee dhexe ee la dhigo Sherwood Forest ee Nottingham, waxayna ka kooban tahay xubno caan ah oo ka tirsan 'Merry Men', kooxda sharci-darrada ah ee Hood.

Ninka ka dambeeya khuraafaadka

Noocyada ugu horreeya ee jilaha sheeko-yaqaanku waxay noqon doonaan kuwo aan la aqoonsan karin marka la barbar dhigo Robin Hood-ka qaansada-cagaaran ee maanta.

Xiddiga hore ee kubbadda Qarnigii 15-aad, dabeecadda Robin Hood waxa ay ahayd mid ka qallafsan marka loo eego muuqaalkiisii ​​dambe. In " Robin Hood iyo Monk " waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu yahay xanaaq degdeg ah iyo dabeecad rabshad leh, isagoo weeraray Little John si uu uga adkaado tartanka qaansada. in sharci-darrada Nottingham uu siiyay lacag uu xadaylaga soo bilaabo dadka hodanka ah ilaa dadka caadiga ah ee saboolka ah, inkasta oo ay jiraan tixraacyo yar oo sheegaya inuu sameeyo niman sabool ah "wax aad u wanaagsan"

Ma ahayn ilaa John Major's " Taariikhda Greater Britain ", oo la daabacay. 1521, in Robin Hood lagu sawiray inuu yahay taageere King Richard, taas oo noqotay mid ka mid ah sifooyinkiisa lagu qeexo wakhtiyada casriga ah.

King Richard the Lionheart wuxuu guursaday Robin Hood iyo Maid Marian oo ku yaal meel bannaanka ah Nottingham Castle. Xuquuqda Sawirka: CC

Reincarnations

Waxay ahayd qarnigii 16aad Robin Hood, markii halyeeygu runtii bilaabay inuu ka baxo gudaha England oo uu ku dhexjiray dabaaldegyada Maalinta Maajo, in Robin Hood uu lumiyay qaar ka mid ah ee cidhifkiisa khatarta ah.

G' walba, Ingiriisigu wuxuu ku bishaarayn jiray xilli ciyaareedka cusub oo leh xaflad inta badan lagu soo bandhigo tartamada ciyaaraha fudud iyo sidoo kale doorashada boqorrada iyo boqorada May. Iyada oo qayb ka ah madadaalada, ka qaybgalayaashu waxay u labisan jireen dharka sida Robin Hood iyo raggiisa si ay uga soo qaybgalaan riwaayadaha iyo ciyaaraha.

Robin Hood ayaa lagu sawiray riwaayadahandabbaaldegyaduna uma eka mid la mid ah sharci-darrada guud ee rabshadaha watay ee lagu muujiyey qoraalladii hore ee dhexe. Waa wakhtigan markii uu soo baxay sawirkii samafalka, iftiimay ee Robin Hood iyo raggiisii ​​farxadda lahaa.

Woodcut of Robin Hood, oo ka soo jeeda balac qarnigii 17aad. Xuquuqda Sawirka: Domain Dadweynaha

Sida qarniyadii tagay, sheekada Robin Hood waxay horumarisay markii Ingriisku horumaray. Sir Walter Scott wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Robin Hood ee Ivanhoe qarnigii 19aad, halka Howard Pyle uu dib u sameeyay halyeyga buuga carruurta, Adventures Merry ee Robin Hood ee Great Renown ee Nottinghamshire , 1883.

Mar kasta oo cusub, halyeygii Robin Hood waxa uu nuugi lahaa jilayaal, habayn, iyo astaamo cusub - oo isu beddelaya halyeygii la yaqaan ee maanta.

Caddaynta

Hagaag, taariikhda Robin Hood waligeed lama xaqiijin oo taariikhyahanadu waxay ka doodayeen qarniyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jirto wax caddayn ah ama taageero cilmiyeed si siman u leh aragtida ah in sheekooyinka Robin Hood ay si fudud uga soo jeedaan khuraafaadka ama sheeko-dhaqameedka, oo ka yimid asal ama asal kale oo khuraafaad ah.

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Waxay u badan tahay, ilaa xadka kala duwan ee ilaha la heli karo (inkasta oo madmadoow iyo natiijo la'aan), iyo dhammaan shakhsiyaadka taariikhiga ah ee tirada badan ee magaciisa lagu xidhiidhin doonoDa'da oo dhan, in ninkan iyo kooxda sharci-darrada ahi ay jireen mar uun intii lagu jiray Muddadii Dhexe.

Haddii uu xidho cagaar, uu ahaa qaansoley faa'iido badan ama uu tabarucaad badan oo lacag la soo xaday u fidiyay dadka saboolka ah ee Nottingham. , Ma hubin karno.

Waa maxay run, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa xaqiiqda ah in Sheekada Robin Hood ay had iyo jeer soo jiidan doonto dhagaystayaasha caalamiga ah. Waa sheeko ku saabsan sinnaanta, caddaaladda, iyo duminta xukun-ku-dirirka – oo yaa taas jeclayn?