Muqaalkan waxbarasho waa nooc muuqaal ah oo maqaalkan ah waxaana soo bandhigay sirdoonka Artificial Intelligence (AI). Fadlan eeg siyaasaddayada anshaxa iyo kala duwanaanta AI si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida aan u isticmaalno AI oo dooro soo-jeediyeyaasha boggayaga internetka.

Kacaankii Warshadaha (c.1760-1840) wuxuu soo bandhigay hal-abuuro badan oo cusub oo beddeli lahaa adduunyo weligeed ah.

Waxay ahayd wakhti lagu soo koobay soo bandhigida baaxadda weyn ee mishiinnada, isbeddelka magaalooyinka iyo horumarka tignoolajiyada ee baaxadda leh ee dhinacyo kala duwan leh. Habab badan oo casri ah ayaa asalkoodu ka soo jeedaa wakhtigan

Halkan waxaa ah toban waxyaalood oo muhiim ah oo la curiyay xilligii Kacaankii Warshadaha.

1. Spinning Jenny

The 'Spinning Jenny' wuxuu ahaa mishiinka dhogorta miiqaya ama suufka uu ikhtiraacay 1764-kii James Hargreaves, kaas oo haystay shatiga 1770.

Waxay awood u leedahay inay ku shaqeeyaan shaqaale aan xirfad lahayn, waxa uu ahaa horumar muhiim ah oo laga sameeyay warshadaynta tolmada, maadaama ay dunta dunta isku miiqin karto markiiba, laga bilaabo siddeed mar, korna u kacday ilaa siddeetan ka dib markii tignoolajiyada horumartay.

Sidoo kale eeg: Sida dunidu u gashay dagaalka 1914kiiGuryaha shaqaalaha dunta, oo ka guuraya 'warshadaha aqalada' una guuraya warshadaynta.

Sawirkani waxa uu u taagan yahay Spinning Jenny oo ah xargaha dunta badan ee dunta

Image Credit: Morphart Abuurista / Shutterstock.com

2. Matoorka uumiga ee cusub

> Sannadkii 1712, Thomas Newcomenikhtiraacay mishiinkii ugu horeeyay ee uumi, loo yaqaan engine atmospheric. Inta badan waxa loo isticmaalay in biyaha laga soo saaro dhuxusha, taas oo u ogolaanaysa macdan qodayaasha in ay sii qodaan.

Matoorku waxa uu gubay dhuxusha si uu u abuurto uumi shaqaynaysa bamka uumiga, isaga oo riixaya piston dhaqaaqi karo. Waxa la sameeyay boqollaal qarnigii 18-aad oo dhan,

>Tani waxay ahayd horumar lagu sameeyay mishiin ku shaqeeya uumiga cayriin oo uu dhisay nin Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray Thomas Savery, kaas oo 1698 kii mishiinkiisu aanu lahayn qaybo dhaqaaqa.> ahaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli si cabsi leh waxtar lahayn; Waxay u baahday xaddi badan oo dhuxul ah si ay u shaqeyso. Nashqada cusub ee dadka cusub waxa horumarin doona James Watt inta lagu jiro nuska dambe ee qarniga.> 3. Matoorka uumiga Watt

Injineerka Scotland James Watt waxa uu ikhtiraacay mishiinkii ugu horeeyay ee uumiga 1763. Matoorka Watt waxa uu aad ula mid ahaa kuwa Newcomen, laakiin waxa ay ku dhawayd laba jeer oo waxtar leh maadaama ay u baahan tahay shidaal yar si uu u shaqeeyo. Nashqadan waxtarka leh ee shidaalka oo loo turjumay kayd lacageed oo aad u badan oo loogu talagalay warshadaha iyo Newcomens 'matoorada uumiga atmospheric asalka ah ayaa markii dambe loo beddelay naqshad cusub oo Watts ah.

Waxa la soo bandhigay ganacsi ahaan 1776 waxayna noqotay saldhigga horumarka mustaqbalka ee la arkay. Matoorka uumigu wuxuu noqdaa isha ugu weyn ee laga helo warshadaha kala duwan ee Ingiriiska.

4. Locomotive

Safarkii ugu horreeyay ee tareenada uumiga ah ee la diiwaan geliyo wuxuu dhacay 21kii Febraayo 1804, markaasoo Cornishman Richard Trevithick 'Pen-y-Darren’ Locomotive waxa uu ku qaaday toban tan oo bir ah, shan gaadhi iyo todobaatan nin oo 9.75 mayl u jira birta ee Penydarren ilaa kanaalka Merthyr-Cardiff afar saacadood iyo shan daqiiqo gudahood. Socdaalku wuxuu lahaa celcelis ahaan xawaraha c. 2.4 mph

isagoo ah midka kaliya ee shanta soo galay si uu u dhamaystiro jidka hal mayl ee Lancashire. Tijaabada ayaa loo sameeyay si loo tijaabiyo dooda ah in tareennada tareennada ee Liverpool iyo Manchester tareennada cusub ay siiyeen kicinta ugu fiican. wuxuu noqday jaantuska tamarta uumiga 150ka sano ee soo socda.

5. Isgaarsiinta Telegraph

25kii Luulyo 1837 Sir William Fothergill Cooke iyo Charles Wheatstone waxay si guul leh u soo bandhigeen telegraph korantada ugu horeysay, oo lagu rakibay inta u dhaxaysa Euston iyo Camden Town ee London. Mayl Jidka Tareenka Weyn ee Galbeedka (laga bilaabo Paddington ilaa West Drayton). Waxay ahayd telegaraafka ganacsi ee ugu horeeyay aduunka

>Maraykanka, adeegii telegaraafka ugu horeeyay wuxuu furmay 1844 kii markii fiilooyinkii telegaraafka ay isku xidheen Baltimore iyo Washington D.C.>Mid ka mid ah tirooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ka danbeeyay ikhtiraacida telegraphwuxuu ahaa American Samuel Morse, kaas oo sidoo kale sii waday horumarinta Morse Code si uu u oggolaado gudbinta fudud ee farriimaha ee khadadka telegraph; ilaa maantadan la isticmaalo

Naag soo diraysa koodka Morse iyadoo adeegsanaysa telegaraafka

Sawirka Sawirka: Ururinta Everett / Shutterstock.com

6. Dynamite

Dynamite waxa alifay Alfred Nobel, oo ahaa kimiistaha Iswidhishka, 1860-meeyadii.

Kahor intaan la abuurin, baaruudda (oo loo yaqaan budada madow) ayaa loo isticmaali jiray in lagu jejebiyo dhagaxyada iyo dhufaysyada. Dynamite, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu noqday mid xoog badan oo ammaan ah, si degdeg ah u helay isticmaalka baahsan.

Alfred waxa uu hal-abuurkiisa cusub ugu yeedhay dynamite, ka dib eraygii Giriiggii hore ee 'dunamis', oo macnihiisu yahay 'awood.' Ma uusan doonaynin in loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin ciidan laakiin, sida aynu wada ogsoonahay, wax-qarxa waxa markiiba qabsaday ciidammada adduunka oo dhan

7. Sawirka

Sannadkii 1826-kii, hal-abuurihii Faransiiska ahaa ee Joseph Nicéphore Niépce waxa uu sameeyay sawirkii ugu horreeyay ee joogtada ah ee kaamirada.

Niépce waxa uu sawirka ka soo qaaday daaqaddiisa sare isaga oo isticmaalaya kamarad obscura, kamarad hore, iyo saxan pewter ah, isaga oo tijaabiyey walxo kala duwan oo iftiinka-xasaasi ah.

Kani, sawirka ugu horreeya ee ka badbaaday muuqaalka dhabta ah ee adduunka, ayaa muujinaya aragtida hantida Niépce ee Burgundy, France.

Sidoo kale eeg: "Ibliisku wuu imanayaa": Waa maxay Saamaynta Taanggu ku yeeshay Askartii Jarmalka 1916kii?

8 . 1829 kii William Burt, oo ahaa hal-abuure Maraykan ah, waxa uu rukhsad-saaray makiibaddii ugu horreysay ee uu u bixiyay ‘typographer’.

Waxay ahayd arrin aad looga naxo.aan waxtar lahayn (oo caddaynaya in la isticmaalo ka gaabinaya in wax gacanta lagu qoro), laakiin Burt si kastaba ha ahaatee waxaa loo arkaa 'aabaha makiinadaha'. Qaabka shaqo ee 'typographer', oo Burt uu uga tagay Xafiiska Patent-ka Mareykanka, ayaa ku burburay dab dumiyay dhismaha 1836.

38 sano ka dib, 1867, makiibadihii ugu horreeyay ee casriga ah wuxuu ahaa oo uu hindisay Christopher Latham Sholes iyadoo furayaal loo habeeyey hab alifbeeto ah, taasoo ka dhigtay xarfaha si fudud in la helo balse ay lahayd laba khasaare. Xarfaha ugu badan ee la isticmaalo ma fududa in la gaaro, iyo garaacista furayaasha deriska oo isdaba joog ah ayaa keentay in mishiinka uu saxmo.

Sholes ayaa sidaas darteed soo saartay kiiboodhka QWERTY ee ugu horreeyay (oo loogu magac daray 6 xaraf ee ugu horreeya safkiisa kowaad) sannadkii 1872

9. Koronto dhaliyaha

Michael Faraday waxa alifay 1831 kii: Disk-ga Faraday.

wax-soo-saarka (soo-saarka korantada ee kaaliyaha korantada ee goobta magnetic beddelka), isla markiiba waxay keentay horumar, sida dynamo oo ahaa koronto-dhaliyaha ugu horreeya ee awood u leh bixinta tamarta warshadaha.

10.Warshada casriga ah

Markii la hirgaliyay mishiinada, warshaduhu waxa ay bilaabeen in ay ka soo baxaan marka hore ingriiska ka dibna aduunka oo dhan.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah Derby Derby's John Lombe oo leh shan dabaq oo suuf ah oo silk leben ah, oo la dhameeyay 1721. Ninka inta badan lagu tiriyaa inuu hindisay warshadda casriga ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Richard Arkwright, oo dhisay Cromford Mill 1771.

Taayir biyo-shiid duug ah oo u dhow Scarthin Pond, Cromford, Derbyshire. 02 Meey 2019

Sawirka Credit: Scott Cobb UK / Shutterstock.com

Waxay ku yaalliin Dooxada Derwent, Derbyshire, Cromford Mill waxay ahayd warshadii ugu horreysay ee suufka ku shaqeeya ee biyaha ku shaqeeya waxaana markii hore shaqaaleysiiyay 200 oo shaqaale ah. Waxa ay soconaysay habeen iyo maalin iyada oo laba saacadood oo shaqo ah 12 saacadood ah, albaabadana la xidhay 6 subaxnimo iyo 6 galabnimo, iyada oo aan la ogolayn in qof soo daaho.

William Blake wuxuu dhaleeceeyay "madawga, madmadowga shaydaanka". Isaga oo ka jawaabaya dhaq-dhaqaaqa degdega ah ee ka fogaanshiyaha miyiga ka dib dhalashada warshadaha, Thomas Hardy wuxuu wax ka qoray "habka, oo si kaftan leh ay ugu qeexeen xisaab-yaqaannada 'u janjeera dadka reer miyiga ah ee ku wajahan magaalooyinka waaweyn', oo ah runtii u janjeera biyaha inay ku qulqulaan buuraha sare. marka mashiin lagu qasbo.”