Saddex qarni ka hor, nin badmareen ah oo u dhashay Wales ayaa u jeestay burcad badeednimo. Sannad gudihiis waxa uu noqon lahaa budhcad-badeedkii ugu guulaha badnaa waagiisii ​​– waa wakhtiga aynu hadda ugu yeedhno ‘Dahabkii Dahabka ahaa ee Budhcad-badeednimada’. Mudadii koobnayd ee uu ku jiray shaqadiisa cajiibka ah waxa uu qabsaday in ka badan laba boqol oo markab – in ka badan marka la isku daro marka la isku daro dhamaan budhcad-badeeda uu la shaqayn jiray. oo wata markab dagaal oo Ingiriis ah. Geeridiisa, iyo maxkamadaynta tirada badan iyo daldalaadkii shaqaalihiisii ​​ka dib, waxay calaamad u tahay dhamaadka dhabta ah ee 'Golden Age'. muuqaalka duurjoogta ah ayaa qabsaday male-awaalka dadweynaha. Hadda, inkastoo, saddex boqol oo sano ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee uu kor u qaaday calanka madow, waa waqtigii dib loo hagaajin lahaa dheelitirka, oo la muujin lahaa nolosha Bartholomew Roberts, ama 'Black Bart' - burcad-badeedda ugu guulaha badan dhammaantood.

Laga soo bilaabo ku-dhaqanka sharciga ilaa sharci-jebinta

Waxa uu ku dhashay tuulada yar ee Newcastle yar ee Pembrokeshire, South Wales, intii lagu jiray horraantii 1680-meeyadii, John Robert waxa uu badda u rogay nolol iyo in ka badan soddon sano, lagu hayo dhanka midig ee sharciga. Kadib, bishii Maajo 1719, waxaas oo dhami way is beddeleen.

Waxa uu ahaa lammaane labaad ee markab addoon ah markii ay budhcad-badeeddu ka qabteen xeebaha Galbeedka Afrika. Welsh-kayaga ayaa go'aansaday inuu ku biiro, oo uu kuwa kale iska tuuroraadkiisii ​​wuxuu u beddelay Bartholomew Roberts. Waxa uu hore u ahaa badmareen khibrad leh, sidaa darteed laba bilood ka dib, markii la dilay kabtankii budhcad-badeedda, Howell Davis, shaqaaluhu waxay doorteen Roberts hoggaamiyehooda. markab – laga bilaabo wakhtigaas waxa loo dejiyay noloshiisa dambiga.

Bahia ilaa Benin

Isagoo hal talaabo ka horraysa cid kasta oo eryanaysa, waxa uu ka tallaabay badweynta Atlaantigga oo uu dhigay dekedda Brazil. Bahia (hadda Salvador). Markabka Qasnadda Boortaqiisku waxa ay ku sugnaayeen deked, iyo inqilaab inqilaab de main , Roberts waxa uu qabsaday markab qaali ah oo ka dhoofay dekedda. Shixnadda markabka ayaa qiimaheedu ahaa malaayiin lacag ah maanta, laakiin Roberts ma awoodo inuu sii haysto.

Intii Roberts uu ku maqnaa ugaarsiga dhibbanayaasha, shaqaalihii abaalmarinta ee galleon Portuguese-ka ayaa u shiraacday qorrax dhaca, halkaas oo ay ka baxeen. isaga oo aan waxba haysan. Roberts oo aan niyad jabin, ayaa mar kale bilaabay, sanadka soo socdana waxa uu shanleeyay biyaha Galbeedka Hindiya, ka hor inta uusan u kala fogaan waqooyiga ilaa Newfoundland isaga oo raadinaya abaalmarin.

Goobaha kalluumeysiga ee Newfoundland iyo Grand Banks waxay caddeeyeen inay tahay goob faa'iido leh oo ugaarsi ah Bartholomew Roberts, kaas oo qabsaday daraasiin abaalmarin ah intii lagu jiray safarkiisii ​​​​budhcad-badeedda (Courtesy of The Stratford Archives). galay calankiisa. Mar kasta, wuxuu siin jiray maraakiibtanMagaca - Royal Fortune .

Bishii Ogosto wuxuu qabsaday markabka Royal African Company Onslow , kaas oo noqday kii afraad iyo kii ugu dambeeyay Royal Fortune . Bilawgii 1722 kii waxa uu ka baxay dekeddii addoonsiga ee Whydah (hadda Ouidah ee Benin). Roberts waxa uu 11 markab oo addoon ah ku qabsaday Whydah, laakiin halkaas ayay nasiibkiisu ugu dambayntii ka dhammaaday. 50-qoryaha markabka HMS Swallow. (Courtesy of The Stratford Archives)

5tii Febraayo markabka HMS Swallow ayaa soo muuqday oo soo jiiday markabkii Roberts, ee Great Ranger . Budhcad-badeeddu waxa ay u maleeyeen in qofka cusubi uu ahaa markab kale oo addoon ah, laakiin mar uu dhulka ka baxay ayaa taliyihii Swallow’s , Captain Ogle, soo jeestay oo qabsaday markabka budhcad-badeedda. Dabadeed waxa uu ku soo laabtay Whydah, Bartholomew Roberts ayaa u dhoofay si uu dagaal u qaado.

Waxay ahayd subaxnimadii 10-kii February 1722 markii ay labada markab ku dagaalameen labadoodii. Royal Fortune iyo Swallow waxay ahaayeen kuwo si siman isu dhigma xajmi ahaan iyo tirade qoriga, balse raggii Ogle ayaa geesta lahaa marka ay timaado xirfad iyo tababar.

Si lama filaan ah, the Liq miiqeen oo ku riday dhinac ballaadhan oo meel bannaan ah. Canabka ayaa lagu masaxay sagxadaha markabka burcad-badeedda, Bartholomew Robertsna waa la jaray. Kabtanka budhcad-badeedda ayaa soo xidhay dharkiisii ​​ugu wacnaa ee dagaalka, oo ay ku jiraan suudh qani ah oo casaan ah, koofiyad baal cas leh, iyo iskutallaab dahab ah oo qaali ah iyo silsilad - sidaas darteed qof kastaa wuu arkay waxa ku dhacay.

Intaasi markii uu dagaalku socday ayaa waxaa ku soo haray burcad badeeda, balse Swallow ayaa sii waday rasaasta, isagoo ugu dambeyn gacanta ku dhigay Markabkii la garaacay.

Dhammaadka Da'da Dahabka ah

Bartholomew Roberts mar dambe ma jirin. Si wax ku ool ah, dhimashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd dhammaadka xukunkii burcad-badeedda ee argagixisada ee loo yaqaan 'Golden Age of Piracy'. Si ay arrintooda u caddeeyaan, mas'uuliyiinta Ingiriiska ayaa maxkamad ballaaran oo burcad-badeed ah ku qabtay Cape Coast Castle.

Roberts '77 shaqaalihii Afrikaan ah ayaa loo iibiyay sidii addoommo, halka saaxiibadoodii Yurubna la daldalay, laguna xukumay inay u adeegaan meelaha dahabka laga qodo ee u dhow. ama dib loogu celiyay xabsiga London - ama ay u dhinteen cudur iyaga oo ku jira qolkooda.

Qaar yar ayaa la sii daayay, iyagoo caddeeyey inay u adeegeen Roberts iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn. Weli, deldelaadda tirada badan ee 52 ee shaqaalaha Roberts ayaa u adeegay ujeeddadii. Waxaacaalamka u tusay in burcad-badeednimadu aanay waxba bixin. Laakiin sawirka budhcad-badeedkan u dhashay Wales, oo aad u qurux badan, una dhoofaya dagaal markii ugu dambaysay, waxa uu ahaan doonaa mid ka mid ah astaamaha dhabta ah ee 'The Golden Age'.

Angus Konstam waa mid ka mid ah Khubarada hormuudka ka ah budhcad-badeedda adduunka, waana qoraaga in ka badan 80 buug. Sarkaal hore oo ciidamada badda ah iyo xirfadle madxaf, wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii Curator of hubka ee Royal Armories ee Tower of London, iyo madaxa Curator Mel Fisher Maritime Museum ee Key West, Florida. Hadda waxa uu u shaqeeyaa qoraa iyo taariikhyahan waqti-buuxa ah. Buuggiisii ​​ugu dambeeyay, The Pirate World , (Febraayo, 2019) waxa daabacay Osprey Publishing xeebta galbeed ee Afrika. Gadaalkiisa waxa ku jira calankiisii ​​Royal Fortune, markabkii afraad ee uu magacaas u bixiyay, oo uu la socday markabka yar ee budhcad-badeedda Great Ranger, oo ku sigtay inuu qabsado maraakiibta addoonta ah ee ku xidhan Whydah. (Waxaa iska leh The Stratford Archives)