Shaxda tusmada
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Satiricalka sawir-gacmeedka ee James Gillray ayaa caan ahaa waqtigooda. Midabkooda korantada, sawir-maskaxeedkooda iyo quudhsigu waxay bixiyeen faallo qaniinyo ah oo ay kula tartamayaan hab-siyaasadeedka ugu xun, dhinac ballaadhan, hees ama hadal. shaqada ugu dambeysay. An émigré ayaa ku qoray 1802,
‘Xamaasadu maaha mid la tilmaami karo, marka sawirka soo socda uu soo baxo; waa waalli la hubo. Waa inaad dadka dhex marsiisaa feedhkaaga '.
Sidoo kale eeg: 10 Xaqiiqo oo ku saabsan Supermarine Spitfire>![](/wp-content/uploads/history/1121/8p3mjtelf0.jpg)
Mid ka mid ah dhibanayaasha asaasiga ah ee Gillray's mindi wuxuu ahaa Napoleon, kaas oo aan shaki ku jirin awoodda suurtagalka ah. sawir gacmeedyo aargoosi ah. Musaafuris Elba, waxa uu qirtay in Gillray sawirkiisu ay ka dhaawac badnaayeen tobaneeyo jeneraal.
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'Napoleon Crossing the Alps', oo uu rinjiyeeyay Jacques-Louis David 1805.
Masaarida 1798dii, Napoleonwaxa uu u horseeday safar millatari oo uu ku tagay dalka Masar, kaas oo u adeegi jiray sal-dhig awood siyaasadeed. Halkaa ayay ahayd markii uu Gillray bilaabay weerarradiisii xariifnimada ahaa.
Buonaparte oo Masar ka baxayay, Gillray waxa uu Napoleon ka soo fakaday ololihii badda Mediterranean-ka sannadkii 1799-kii, kaas oo loo arkayay fal khiyaamo ah oo khiyaamo ah. Ololahan oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in lagu difaaco danaha ganacsi iyo in la wiiqo xidhiidhka Ingiriiska ee Hindiya, waxa uu ku jiray xaalad rajo-darro ah.
Buonaparte oo Masar ka baxaysa, oo la daabacay 8-dii March 1800.
The Waraaqo dhex maray jeneraal Faransiis ah ayaa muujiyay rajo-xumada:
Weligay ma rumaysan kari waayeen in General Bonaparte uu naga tagi lahaa xaaladda aan ku sugannahay; lacag la'aan, boodo la'aan, kubbad la'aan . . . in ka badan saddex meelood meel ka mid ah ciidanka ayaa la burburiyay… iyo cadawgu, laakiin siddeed maalmood ayaa naga socday! Intuu dib u eegay si khiyaano leh oo aan qarsoodi ahayn, koox askar Faransiis ah oo jilicsan ayaa si quus ah ugu soo degdegay hoggaamiyahooda, weli daacad ah maadaama aysan ka warqabin khiyaanada. seeftiisa, si uu Ingriiska dhulka uga saaro.', Gillray waxa uu muujinayaa isla markii Napoleon uu maqlay guushii waynayd ee Nelson ee wabiga Niil 1798.
>'Waa maxay? our Fleet captur'd & amp; ay burburiyeenAddoomada Britain?, oo ku dhawaaqay qorshihiisa ku saabsan obelisk in lagu qoro 'Buanoparte Conqueror of the World, & extirpater of the English Nation.'
Tani waxay tixraac u ahayd ku dhawaaqistii Napoleon ee 1797:
'[Faransiiska] waa in uu burburiyaa boqortooyada Ingriiska, ama uu filanayo in la baabi'iyo kuwan xiisaha leh. iyo jasiiradaha ganacsiga leh...Aan ku soo koobno dhammaan dadaalladayada ciidamada badda oo aan baabi'inno Ingiriiska. Taasi waa la sameeyay, Yurub waxay ku jirtaa cagahayaga."
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'Buonaparte, isagoo maqlay guushii Nelson, wuxuu ku dhaartay seeftiisa, inuu Ingiriisi ka tirtiro dhulka', oo la daabacay 8 Disembar 1798.
4>' Lafaha Yar' ayaa dhashaySannadkii 1803-dii, Napoleon waxa uu soo ururiyay in ka badan 100,000 oo askari oo duullaan ah oo ku sugnaa Boulogne, isaga oo ku dhawaaqay:
‘Dhammaan fikradahayga waxa ay ku wajahan yihiin Ingiriiska. Waxaan rabaa kaliya dabayl wanaagsan in aan ku beero Gorgorka Imperial ee munaaradda London'
Marka la eego rajadan naxdinta leh, Gillray waxa uu kor u qaaday ciyaartiisa oo uu abuuray mid ka mid ah dhaxalkisii ugu weynaa - khuraafaadka 'Lafaha Yar' .
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'Dhakhtar Sangrado oo daawaynaya John Bull oo buuxinaya - oo leh xafiisyo naxariis leh oo da 'yarta Clysterpipe & Boney yar- tilmaan ka timid Gil Blas', oo la daabacay 2 May 1803.
In kasta oo aan waligiis arag Napoleon jidhka, sawirka Gillray ee Napoleon wuxuu ahaa mid aad u awood badan oo wuxuu sii waday khuraafaadka shakhsi ahaaneed oo dhan.
1>Wuxuu caan ku noqday nin yar oo la xumeeyay oo dherer la'aantiisa magdhow ku raadsadaawood, dagaal, iyo guul. Dhab ahaantii, wuxuu istaagay dhererka celceliska. Maaddaama uu inta badan ku hareeraysan yahay Ilaalada Imperial, kuwaas oo guud ahaan dheeraa, aragtida dhererkiisa yar ayaa la xoojiyay.Sifada stereotypical ee Gillray's Napoleon waxaa ka mid ahaa koofiyad weyn oo cocked ah oo leh tubo saddex midab ah, midabo saddex midab leh, qolof weyn ama kicin weyn oo kabaha Hessian ah. Dharkiisa aadka u weyn ayaa isaga ku majaajilooda, isaga oo aad ugu yar hammigiisa adduun
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“Qaxitaanka Malta. Dabayaaqadii sanadkaas, Napoleon xanaaqiisa gaaban wuxuu noqday mid caan ah ka dib markii uu ka xanaaqay kulan uu la yeeshay Safiirkii Ingiriiska Lord Whitworth bishii March 1803. Saxafada Ingiriiska ayaa sheegay inuu ku hanjabay duulaan England ah 400,000 ama 500,000 oo nin.
Gillray ayaa sawiray. Isla markii uu Napoleon akhriyay warbixinnadan jaraa'idka ee 'Maniac Raving's-ama-Little Boney in a Strong Fit'. Isagoo cadhaysan oo feedh isku dheggan, dhaqdhaqaaqiisa waalida ahi waxa ay rogeen miis oo waxa ay kaga tageen duni dhuleed si uu dhulka ugu lulo – dabcan, waxa ku xiga koofiyaddiisa aadka u wayn.
> -Lafo-yar oo Taam ah oo Xoog leh.', oo la daabacay May 1803.Mawduuca xanaaqiisa cadhadiisa waxaa lagu muujiyey qoraalka is-bedbeddelaya ee qarxa, isagoo akhrinaya,
' Wargeysyada Ingiriisiga- Wargeysyada Ingiriisiga!! ! Alla, Wargeysyada Ingiriiska!!! la nacay & Faransiisku wuu khiyaameeyey! – La quudhsadayIngiriis! & Waa lagu qoslay, adduunkoo dhan!!! Khiyaamo Qaran! Khiyaamo Qaran! Khiyaamo Qaran!’ … Duullaan! Duulaan! Afar boqol & amp; Siddeetan kun oo Faransiis ah addoonsi Ingiriis - & amp; Silsilad weligeed ah! Silsilada weligeed ah." sawirada dacaayad aan raali ka ahayn. In 'Buonaparte, 48 Hours after Landing', oo la daabacay Julaay 1803, madaxa Napoleon ayaa si sharaf leh loogu hayaa fargeeto John Bull, isagoo ah mid ka mid ah 615,000 oo harqood oo hubaysan oo diyaar u ahaa inay dagaalamaan.
Wuxuu yidhi,
' Haa! Lafahayga yar! Maxaad u malaynaysaa Johnny Bull hadda? – Dhaca Old England! hayy?'
Sidoo kale eeg: Maxay ahaayeen ujeedooyinka iyo rajada Britain ee Somme 1916?>![](/wp-content/uploads/history/1121/8p3mjtelf0-6.jpg)
'Plumb-pudding ayaa khatar ku jira -ama - State Epicures taking un Petit Souper', oo la daabacay 26 Febraayo 1805.
Plumb-pudding ayaa khatar ku jira
Muqaalka Gillray ee ugu caansan shaki la'aan waa 'Plumb-pudding in khatar - ama - State Epicures taking un Petit Souper', oo la daabacay 26 Febraayo 1805.
Martin Rowson wuxuu ku tilmaamay sida,
> "Malaha kartoonkii siyaasadeed ee ugu caansanaa abid… waxaa xaday marar badan iyo in ka badan oo ay xadeen sawir-qaadayaal weligii." cidhifka kursigiisa marka uu gooyo jeex ku calaamadsan 'Yurub' .St. George iyo Masduulaagii
In apastiche ee rinjiyeynta taariikhda, Gilray abuuray 'St. George and the Dragon' sanadii 1805. Halka George III uu jilo St George, Britannia ay tahay gabadha cadaaladda ah, Napoleon waxa uu ciyaara masduulaagii.
<1 madaxiisii ayuu madaxa ka dhufsaday, oo taajkiisiina laba u kala gooyay. Baalashiisa waaweyn oo ay weheliyaan lugaha iyo cidhifyada bahal ugaadhsiga ahi waxay ka dhawaajiyeen su'aalo la xidhiidha aqoonsigiisa, oo ay inta badan ka cadhaysiisay labadii daacad ee uu u ahaa Corsica iyo France.![](/wp-content/uploads/history/1121/8p3mjtelf0-7.jpg)
‘St. George and the Dragon.’, La daabacay 2 Agoosto 1805. Isha sawirka: Digital Bodleian / CC BY 4.0
Tags:Napoleon Bonaparte